Explore the stimulus space
X changes both harmonic amplitudes and broadband consonant spectra; F0 and harmonic spacing stay fixed. Y changes syllable durations and pauses. Below: harmonic /ɑ/ and aperiodic /s/ spectra, compared with X = 0.
Model and sources
Every curve is drawn from phonetic parameters; no photograph or recorded spectrogram is stretched. Harmonic frequencies remain at n × F0, with F0 fixed to the reference median. X changes resonance centres, bandwidths and gains independently, plus partial-specific amplitudes. Harmonic energy is normalized at each voiced phase; increasing X does not raise the whole spectrum or its total energy. Unvoiced /s, ʃ/ frication and /p, k, t/ release bursts occupy continuous frequency bands, independently of F0. Their spectral envelopes also redistribute energy with X; they belong to the target speech, not the external masker. Each source spectrum is normalized separately, without claiming equal perceived loudness. These amplitude patterns are illustrative, not measured spectral-distance calibrations. The F0 tolerance controls bank eligibility, not this drawing. Six illustrative consonant–vowel events retain their order while their durations and pauses change on a fixed 3-second axis. The drawing is a source–filter illustration, not measured bank audio or an inverse R³/T³ model; it does not establish intelligibility.